"Տիգրան" meaning in Old Armenian

See Տիգրան in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

Etymology: An Iranian name, but the details are disputed. The same name is attested as Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs), Latin Tigrānēs, Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡 (Ti-ig-ra-nu). According to Ačaṙyan, from Old Persian *Tigrāna, derived through haplology from *tigrarāna, supposedly meaning ‘fighting with arrows’ (compare Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 (t-i-g-r-a-m /⁠tigrām⁠/, “pointed”, accusative singular feminine), which Ačaṙyan mistakenly glosses as ‘arrow’, Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra), Sanskrit तिग्म (tigmá, “pointed”), and Avestan 𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀 (rə̄na, “battle, fight”), Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “battle”)). He also compares Ancient Greek Τιγραπάτης (Tigrapátēs, literally “master of arrows”) and, for the haplology, the Avestan name 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬁𐬰 (vīrāz) from *vīra-rāz-. J̌ahukyan considers this explanation unlikely. More likely from Old Iranian *Tigrāna-, a patronymic formation with the suffix *-āna- from the name *Tigrā- (literally “slender”), reflected in Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (Ti-ig-ra), Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪 (Ti-ig-ra-ʾ), from the above-discussed word for ‘pointed’. Etymology templates: {{bor|xcl|ira}} Iranian, {{cog|grc|Τιγράνης}} Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs), {{cog|la|Tigrānēs}} Latin Tigrānēs, {{cog|akk|𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡|tr=Ti-ig-ra-nu}} Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡 (Ti-ig-ra-nu), {{der|xcl|peo||*Tigrāna|sc=Latn}} Old Persian *Tigrāna, {{cog|peo|𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶|pos=accusative singular feminine|t=pointed|ts=tigrām}} Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 (t-i-g-r-a-m /⁠tigrām⁠/, “pointed”, accusative singular feminine), {{cog|ae|𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀}} Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra), {{cog|sa|तिग्म|t=pointed|tr=tigmá}} Sanskrit तिग्म (tigmá, “pointed”), {{cog|ae|𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀||battle, fight}} Avestan 𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀 (rə̄na, “battle, fight”), {{cog|sa|रण|t=battle}} Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “battle”), {{cog|grc|Τιγραπάτης|lit=master of arrows}} Ancient Greek Τιγραπάτης (Tigrapátēs, literally “master of arrows”), {{der|xcl|ira-old}} Old Iranian, {{cog|elx|𒋾𒅅𒊏|tr=Ti-ig-ra}} Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (Ti-ig-ra), {{cog|akk|𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪|tr=Ti-ig-ra-ʾ}} Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪 (Ti-ig-ra-ʾ) Head templates: {{head|xcl|proper noun|cat2=|g=|head=}} Տիգրան • (Tigran), {{xcl-proper noun}} Տիգրան • (Tigran) Inflection templates: {{xcl-decl-noun-unc|Տիգրան|11=Տիգրանաւ|13=Տիգրան|3=Տիգրանայ|5=Տիգրանայ|7=Տիգրան|9=Տիգրանայ|note=|type=a-type}} Forms: Tigran [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], Տիգրան [nominative, singular, uncountable], Տիգրանայ [genitive, singular, uncountable], Տիգրանայ [dative, singular, uncountable], Տիգրան [accusative, singular, uncountable], Տիգրանայ [ablative, singular, uncountable], Տիգրանաւ [instrumental, singular, uncountable], Տիգրան [locative, singular, uncountable]
  1. a male given name, Tigran, Tigranes Categories (topical): Old Armenian given names, Old Armenian male given names Derived forms: Տիգրանեան (Tigranean), Տիգրանուհի (Tigranuhi), Տիգրանակերտ (Tigranakert)

Download JSON data for Տիգրան meaning in Old Armenian (6.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "Տիգրան",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: Տիգրան (Tigran) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: Տիգրան (Tigran) (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Τιγράνης"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Tigrānēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Tigrānēs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡",
        "tr": "Ti-ig-ra-nu"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡 (Ti-ig-ra-nu)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "peo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*Tigrāna",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian *Tigrāna",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶",
        "pos": "accusative singular feminine",
        "t": "pointed",
        "ts": "tigrām"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 (t-i-g-r-a-m /⁠tigrām⁠/, “pointed”, accusative singular feminine)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तिग्म",
        "t": "pointed",
        "tr": "tigmá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तिग्म (tigmá, “pointed”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀",
        "3": "",
        "4": "battle, fight"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀 (rə̄na, “battle, fight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रण",
        "t": "battle"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “battle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Τιγραπάτης",
        "lit": "master of arrows"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Τιγραπάτης (Tigrapátēs, literally “master of arrows”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elx",
        "2": "𒋾𒅅𒊏",
        "tr": "Ti-ig-ra"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (Ti-ig-ra)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪",
        "tr": "Ti-ig-ra-ʾ"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪 (Ti-ig-ra-ʾ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An Iranian name, but the details are disputed. The same name is attested as Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs), Latin Tigrānēs, Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡 (Ti-ig-ra-nu).\nAccording to Ačaṙyan, from Old Persian *Tigrāna, derived through haplology from *tigrarāna, supposedly meaning ‘fighting with arrows’ (compare Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 (t-i-g-r-a-m /⁠tigrām⁠/, “pointed”, accusative singular feminine), which Ačaṙyan mistakenly glosses as ‘arrow’, Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra), Sanskrit तिग्म (tigmá, “pointed”), and Avestan 𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀 (rə̄na, “battle, fight”), Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “battle”)). He also compares Ancient Greek Τιγραπάτης (Tigrapátēs, literally “master of arrows”) and, for the haplology, the Avestan name 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬁𐬰 (vīrāz) from *vīra-rāz-. J̌ahukyan considers this explanation unlikely.\nMore likely from Old Iranian *Tigrāna-, a patronymic formation with the suffix *-āna- from the name *Tigrā- (literally “slender”), reflected in Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (Ti-ig-ra), Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪 (Ti-ig-ra-ʾ), from the above-discussed word for ‘pointed’.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Tigran",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ա-unc",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրան",
      "roman": "Tigran",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանայ",
      "roman": "Tigranay",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանայ",
      "roman": "Tigranay",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրան",
      "roman": "Tigran",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանայ",
      "roman": "Tigranay",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանաւ",
      "roman": "Tigranaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրան",
      "roman": "Tigran",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Տիգրան • (Tigran)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Տիգրան • (Tigran)",
      "name": "xcl-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Տիգրան",
        "11": "Տիգրանաւ",
        "13": "Տիգրան",
        "3": "Տիգրանայ",
        "5": "Տիգրանայ",
        "7": "Տիգրան",
        "9": "Տիգրանայ",
        "note": "",
        "type": "a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun-unc"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Avestan terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Avestan terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Old Armenian given names",
          "parents": [
            "Given names",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Old Armenian male given names",
          "parents": [
            "Male given names",
            "Given names",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Persian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined language links",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "Tigranean",
          "word": "Տիգրանեան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Tigranuhi",
          "word": "Տիգրանուհի"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Tigranakert",
          "word": "Տիգրանակերտ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name, Tigran, Tigranes"
      ],
      "id": "en-Տիգրան-xcl-name-B2NrbQJI",
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ],
        [
          "Tigran",
          "Tigran"
        ],
        [
          "Tigranes",
          "Tigranes"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Տիգրան"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "Tigranean",
      "word": "Տիգրանեան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Tigranuhi",
      "word": "Տիգրանուհի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Tigranakert",
      "word": "Տիգրանակերտ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "Տիգրան",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: Տիգրան (Tigran) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: Տիգրան (Tigran) (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Τιγράνης"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Tigrānēs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin Tigrānēs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡",
        "tr": "Ti-ig-ra-nu"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡 (Ti-ig-ra-nu)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "peo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*Tigrāna",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian *Tigrāna",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶",
        "pos": "accusative singular feminine",
        "t": "pointed",
        "ts": "tigrām"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 (t-i-g-r-a-m /⁠tigrām⁠/, “pointed”, accusative singular feminine)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तिग्म",
        "t": "pointed",
        "tr": "tigmá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तिग्म (tigmá, “pointed”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀",
        "3": "",
        "4": "battle, fight"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀 (rə̄na, “battle, fight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रण",
        "t": "battle"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “battle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Τιγραπάτης",
        "lit": "master of arrows"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek Τιγραπάτης (Tigrapátēs, literally “master of arrows”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "elx",
        "2": "𒋾𒅅𒊏",
        "tr": "Ti-ig-ra"
      },
      "expansion": "Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (Ti-ig-ra)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪",
        "tr": "Ti-ig-ra-ʾ"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪 (Ti-ig-ra-ʾ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An Iranian name, but the details are disputed. The same name is attested as Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs), Latin Tigrānēs, Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒉡 (Ti-ig-ra-nu).\nAccording to Ačaṙyan, from Old Persian *Tigrāna, derived through haplology from *tigrarāna, supposedly meaning ‘fighting with arrows’ (compare Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠𐎶 (t-i-g-r-a-m /⁠tigrām⁠/, “pointed”, accusative singular feminine), which Ačaṙyan mistakenly glosses as ‘arrow’, Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬖𐬭𐬀 (tiγra), Sanskrit तिग्म (tigmá, “pointed”), and Avestan 𐬭𐬇𐬥𐬀 (rə̄na, “battle, fight”), Sanskrit रण (raṇa, “battle”)). He also compares Ancient Greek Τιγραπάτης (Tigrapátēs, literally “master of arrows”) and, for the haplology, the Avestan name 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬁𐬰 (vīrāz) from *vīra-rāz-. J̌ahukyan considers this explanation unlikely.\nMore likely from Old Iranian *Tigrāna-, a patronymic formation with the suffix *-āna- from the name *Tigrā- (literally “slender”), reflected in Elamite 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (Ti-ig-ra), Akkadian 𒋾𒅅𒊏𒀪 (Ti-ig-ra-ʾ), from the above-discussed word for ‘pointed’.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Tigran",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ա-unc",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրան",
      "roman": "Tigran",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանայ",
      "roman": "Tigranay",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանայ",
      "roman": "Tigranay",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրան",
      "roman": "Tigran",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանայ",
      "roman": "Tigranay",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրանաւ",
      "roman": "Tigranaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Տիգրան",
      "roman": "Tigran",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Տիգրան • (Tigran)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Տիգրան • (Tigran)",
      "name": "xcl-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Տիգրան",
        "11": "Տիգրանաւ",
        "13": "Տիգրան",
        "3": "Տիգրանայ",
        "5": "Տիգրանայ",
        "7": "Տիգրան",
        "9": "Տիգրանայ",
        "note": "",
        "type": "a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun-unc"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Avestan terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Avestan terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
        "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Armenian given names",
        "Old Armenian lemmas",
        "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Old Armenian male given names",
        "Old Armenian proper nouns",
        "Old Armenian terms borrowed from Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Old Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Old Persian",
        "Old Persian terms with redundant script codes",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Undetermined language links"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name, Tigran, Tigranes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ],
        [
          "Tigran",
          "Tigran"
        ],
        [
          "Tigranes",
          "Tigranes"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Տիգրան"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Armenian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.